Hva tobakk er og hva rusmidler er Essays - , Term Papers

Hva tobakk er og hva rusmidler er Tobakk kommer fra tobakksplanten Nicotiana tabacum . Tobakksprodukter er fremstilt av torkede tobakksblader , i tillegg til en lang rekke tilsetningsstoffer . Tobakksplanten inneholder nikotin og dette er et giftig og sterkt avhengighetsskapende stoff . Det er avhengigheten av nikotin som hovedsakelig gjor at folk som royker og snuser syns det er vanskelig a slutte . Forskning viser at spesielt unge mennesker raskt kan bli avhengig av nikotin , ogsa hvis de bare royker av og til . Det finnes mange typer tobakk og ulike mater a foredle den pa . Sigaretter , sigarer , rulletobakk , skra , pipetobakk og snus er eksempler pa ulike tobakksprodukter .I Norge er de vanligste tobakksproduktene sigaretter og snus . Sigaretter inneholder opp mot4000 forskjellige stoffer og rundt 50 av de er karakterisert som kreftfremkallende og enda flere hjerte og karsykdommer . Rusmidler Et rusmiddel er en kjemisk eller biologisk substans som gir rus . det pavirker belonningssenteret i hjernen var pa en slik ma te at det forandrer maten vi tenker , gar , oppforer oss . Uten at vi er bevist over det. Grunner til at mange russer seg er ; Prat gar lettere , slapper bedre av , selvtilliten oker og usikkerheten minker Blant stoffer som gir rus , finner vi ba de lovlige etanol som for eksempel alkohol og legemidler som morfin og ulovlige narkotiske stoffer . Virkningene av rusgivende stoffer kan deles i tre hovedkategorier : Dempende , stimulerende og hallu sinogene virkninger , De mest brukte rusgivende stoffene i vart samfunn er : - Alkohol - Cannabis ( hasjisj , marihuana) - Amfetamin , metamfetamin , kokain , ecstasy, khat Hvilke skadevirkninger tobakk og alkohol gir pa kroppen Tobbakk Du kan do av hjerte - og karsykdommer og Lungekreft , man far og sa gule tenner . Darlig pust , tann kjotts sykdommer og mindre smaksanser . Alkhoho l Mindre selvkritisk , mer selvsikker . Konsentrasjon synker og hukommelsen blir darligere . balansen blir da rligere , Syn og horsel blir darligere , tro tt , kvalm . urolig sovn andedrettet , kan bli lammet ved stor alcohol mengde . Mageseken iritteres , problem med fordoyelsen Huden foles varm , kroppen blir avkjolt . Bevegelsen blir klossetet , de fysikse ferdigheten blir svekket . Hvorfor man legger avgifter pa tobakk og alkohol Alkohol Det har de en helsemessig begrunnelse. Forskning viser at pris kanskje er den viktigste (enkelt) faktoren som pavirker alkoholforbruket. Norge har det laveste alkoholforbruket I europa. I tillegg til pris er det begrenset tilgjengelighet pa alkhol gjennom Vinmonopolet- begrennsinger pa hvem som har lov til og kjope og selge alkhol, dette og reklameforbud er blant de viktigste alkoholpolitiske virkemidlene i Norge. tobakk akuratt same bare bytt ut ting som, vinnmonopl til kan ikke vises I butikker. Hvilke lover og regler som gjelder for bruk av tobakk og rusmidler Tobbakk Tobakksvarer er helseskadelig , og derfor er det ikke lov til a reklamere eller gi rabatt ved salg av disse . Det er ogsa ulovlig a selge tobakksvarer til personer under 18 ar . Tobakk skal heler ikke vises I butikker . Alkohol det er aldersgrense pa alkohol det er ulovlig a reklamere for alkhol Narkotiske stoffer Det og ha narkotika, bruke, selge det er ulovlig. Kunne si litt om cannabis og et narkotisk stoff til Cannabis: Reaksjoner: personen som bruker det narkotiske staoffet far rode oyne , okt puls , torste og stor appetitt . Nedsatt la ringsevne , korttidshukommelse , darlige motoriske ferdigheter,Hallusinasjoner , , sanseinntrykk , endorfiner , angst og depresjon , Hasj ( brunt ) er plantens kvae som presses sammen med plantedeler . Hasj kan bade spises og roykes . Ved spising kommer effekten senere og varer lengre . Hasj distribueres vanligvis i form av tykke , brune/sorte plater , som igjen deles opp i mindre klumper/brukerdoser . Disse klumpene smuldres igjen opp , og blandes vanligvis med tobakk for royking . THC- innhold i hasj ligger gjerne pa ca 10%, men beslag i senere tid har vist at enkelte partier kan ha sa mye som 30%. Marihuana ( gront , weed, gress ) er torkede ( hovedsakelig gronne ) blader , stilker , fro og toppskudd

Effects Of Climate Change On Tourism Tourism Essay Essays

Effects Of Climate Change On Tourism Tourism Essay Essays Effects Of Climate Change On Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Effects Of Climate Change On Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Tourism is an industry that contributes to the universe economic system. In fact, some states economic systems derive most of their grosss from touristry. The addition in single income and the publicity of different states of their attractive forces have caused the industry to turn. Its growing is besides fueled by the easiness of transit as more and more hard-to-reach finishs have constructed airdromes for easier entree. With airdromes, tourers find it possible to make widespread countries and bask the beauty of the local topographic points. Those who come from cold topographic points would seek heater locations in the same or different continent. The Northern Europeans, for case, would travel to the states in the south, like Spain and Italy, to take advantage of the heater clime. Others would even travel so far as Southeast Asia or the Caribbean for their beaches or coral reefs ( Bigano et al. 2005, p. 1 ) . In the past several old ages, there has been a turning concern over the consequence of planetary heating on the clime. All around the universe, clime alterations are going more apparent, doing implosion therapy and utmost temperatures in different states. Weather forms have become unpredictable, which means that summer periods could be extended or winter may be longer than usual. These perturbations in the conditions and their impact on the environment are important to the touristry industry. The touristry industry is dependent on the predictability of the season in order to pull travellers who want to see different activities related to the season. Those who love skiing would see ski Lodges while the H2O partisans are traveling to beaches during summer. But with clime alterations, the touristry industry is affected in assorted ways. Climate alterations can straight or indirectly affect the local finishs, which need to retain their entreaty to foreign visitants in order for the indus try to boom. A. Impacts of Climate Change on Tourism Each tourer finish worldwide has its ain entreaty. This can come from the activities it can supply to visitants, like skiing or golf, or it can come from their natural beauty or what nature has to offer. It is of import that each finish should retain its appeals in order to maintain the tourer industry booming. Another of import factor to maintain touristry alive is that of handiness. Areas that become damaged or unaccessible lose their appeal, doing tourers to seek other good or approachable finishs. With clime alteration, the beauty of the local finishs is threatened while handiness excessively can go a job particularly when airdromes, roads and Bridgess are destroyed during utmost conditions perturbations. The different impact of clime alterations on the touristry industry will be discussed in the succeeding subdivisions. ( I ) Coral Bleaching: Affects Scuba Diving Tourists Scuba diving is one of the most popular activities that encourages the growing of touristry. Areas with extended and diverse coral reefs would pull visitants from different states to research the admirations of the submerged universe. However, clime alterations in recent old ages have caused harm to the oceans and the reefs. In the Philippines, a state that is blessed with assorted plunging sites, the heating of the sea particularly from the El Nino phenomenon resulted to what is known as coral bleaching. Coral decoloring consequences to the decease of approximately 49 % of unrecorded coral. Furthermore, the higher sum of dissolved CO2 means that corals, molluscs and shells are besides destroyed in the procedure ( Ocean Heritage Philippines 2009 ) . Without these beings and animals underwater, the diving industry in this state will endure. The diving crowd does non hold any ground to see the Philippines if its corals and sea life will go on to see desolation. Maldives is another state that would be badly affected by clime alterations. Like the Philippines, it besides has rich coral reefs that are in danger of being destroyed because of coral bleaching. Divers who visit Maldives specifically for its coral would lose a ground for sing the island. The same is true for all the other plunging musca volitanss worldwide. They would all endure the decrease of the figure of visitants to their topographic points. Tourists who are into plunging may choose to remain in their topographic points of beginning or prosecute other options if there are non adequate corals in the universe left that are worth their clip ( Viner and Agnew 1999, p. 16 ) . ( two ) Coastal Flooding and Erosion A more urgent concern of clime alterations is the rise of the sea degree. Maldives lift is low, which means that the higher the sea degree rises, the more likely will the island be overwashed with storm rushs. It is estimated that Maldives could be removed from the map in the following 30 old ages if the sea degree continues to lift unabated. Not merely will the state s touristry become affected but the full island would vanish ( Viner and Agnew 1999, p. 17 ) . The Bahamas is another popular finish among tourers because of its temperate clime and its pristine beaches. But the warming brought on by clime alterations is traveling to negatively impact the island. Like the Maldives, the Bahamas is besides vulnerable to ramp rushs, which can acquire worse with the rise of the sea degree. Its fresh water organic structures are besides turning brackish because of the invasion of the saltwater. Flooding and coastal eroding will badly impact the touristry industry of the Bahamas because touristry is dependent on the comparative beauty of the coastal countries. Resorts and hotels could be badly damaged if there are strong storm surges. This island, along with others in the Caribbean, must accommodate to climate alterations so that their exposures are lessened ( Smith 2008 ) . ( three ) Menace to Winter Activities: Decrease of Snow Cover While lifting sea degrees and coral bleaching threaten tropical islands, those that are located in colder parts are faced with a different sort of menace brought on by clime alterations. The touristry industry in colder parts are dependent on winter athleticss, like skiing, The general tendency in the conditions conditions is that of heating, which means that the summer months could be extended and the snow screen would be lower. Without adequate snow, traditional ski resorts will non be able to offer their usual winter activities. Without those activities, touristry will go slow since their visitants would non desire to be stuck in ski resorts with nil to make for the continuance of their holiday ( Viner and Agnew 1999, p. 19 ) . In the Prairie Provinces of Canada, which includes Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan, it is expected that the grassland ecozone will be switching North, and the wildlife will besides travel with the ecozone. Some wildlife will non be able to accommodate to rapid alterations, which can ensue to their extinction. Wildlife partisans will besides follow the game and would non see the usual topographic points where touristry usually is. A longer summer is besides foreseen, which will endanger the support of ski resort operators, eating houses, and hotels ( International Institute for Sustainable Development 1997, p. 9 ) . Alternatively, cool finishs become more attractive non because of the winter athleticss but as a reprieve from the heating of the already warm parts. Peoples would seek colder topographic points, like North America and Australia. The British and German tourers, who are considered to be the largest in the figure of overall international tourers, may prefer to remain home because their conditions would non be excessively cold any longer ( Lynas 2003, p. 97 ) . The consequence of this would be a diminution in international touristry grosss. ( four ) Uncomfortably High Temperatures Causes Shift in Destinations While ski resorts are sing lower grosss because of shorter seasons, those that are located in heater climes are besides happening it a job when temperatures rise to an uncomfortable degree. Northern Europeans largely like to travel holidaying during winter in other parts of the universe where the conditions is normally sunny for most of the twelvemonth. They would remain out-of-doorss to sunbathe for several hours. However, summer temperatures are likely to lift above 40 grades Celsius. This degree is already really high for homo to still experience comfy. This can already take to heat emphasis and may even do human deaths due to stroke. Tourists are non likely to see the summer topographic points to avoid the surging temperatures. They could alternatively travel to topographic points that are still cold but non every bit cold as their ain parts. Alternatively, the tourists may choose to prorogue their holidaies to a ulterior clip of the twelvemonth or take it earlier while the heat is non that intense yet ( Viner and Agnew 1999, p. 21 ) . Bigano et Al. ( 2005, p. 8 ) stated that it is possible for the motion of tourers to switch and for international touristry grosss to go lower. Some parts are traveling to profit from the displacement since tourers would be heading to temperate parts ; others will endure from the motion because of the loss of grosss. ( V ) Spread of Diseases There are many diseases that thrive on heater climes. Many of them become dispersed or carried to other states that did non hold them in the past because of the motion of people and goods. The dengue-carrying mosquito and the malaria-carrying mosquito do non boom in cold climes. They are found in tropical states in Africa and in Southeast Asia. But with the heating of the Earth, suited environments can be created for them in other states. This can impact touristry because tourists will eschew a tourer finish that becomes a beginning of a fatal unwellness. In Spain, for illustration, the state is seen as a no-risk finish. Meaning, tourers do non necessitate to acquire immunized for malaria or the xanthous febrility. Peoples can travel to Spain and have their merriment without worrying about alien diseases. However, malaria has resurfaced in Spain because the clime alterations in the part is going ideal for the genteelness of the type of mosquitoes that carry the disease ( Viner and Agnew 1999, p. 23 ) . ( six ) Loss of Income for Tourist Destinations Since clime alterations cause temperatures to lift, the consequence of that would be the thaw of snowcaps and the flood of coastal countries. The thaw of snowcaps is traveling to ache the ski operators in Japan, Australia, North America, and the European Alps. When snow thaws, that would do the H2O degree to lift, which in bend will deluge coastal countries that are really attractive to those who like to see the sea. All of these would cover a immense blow on industries that straight or indirectly depend on touristry. The ski resorts are traveling to lose clients without adequate snow for their usual activities. The beach resorts are traveling to be damaged because of implosion therapy and the natural attraction of the beaches could acquire damaged after deluging. Peoples working on resorts are traveling to lose their occupations. Those that are indirectly affected by a diminution in touristry are the circuit ushers, the hotels, and the people who derive their income from selling to tourers or for offering their services. Of the $ 735 billion grosss generated from international touristry, about one tierce of that income went to developing states that self-praises of beautiful beaches and extended coral reefs. A deterioration of clime alteration means that developing states are traveling to lose a rich beginning of income ( Balboa 2009 ) . B. Deduction for Tourism Management Policies Although touristry is a large beginning of income, it can besides go the beginning of pollution that affects the environment and contributes to climate alteration. Air travel, land activities, and land conveyance all increase the emanations of C dioxide, which causes the clime to go fickle. This means that the local authoritiess should implement policy alterations so that touristry does non go a job. Toward this terminal, several tourer finishs worldwide are already taking steps to avoid declining the environmental debasement, every bit good as, continue natural attractive forces. The Boracay Island in the Philippines is one of the celebrated finishs for people who enjoy long, shorelines with white and powdered beaches. The local authorities, along with assorted environmental groups like Green Peace Solar Generation Youth, has implemented climate-friendly solutions that tourers and resort operators should follow. These include responsible touristry, energy efficiency, and zero waste. Energy efficiency steps include the usage of solar panels for powering laptops and the usage of batteries to run autos and minibikes ( Temblador 2009 ) . The Phuket island of Thailand promotes ecotourism since the authorities is besides cognizant that concerns and persons have to radically alter how they deal with the environment in order to take down nursery emanations. The Carbon Neutral Concept is already in consequence so that those who are in the island go environmental stewards who protect and conserve the natural resources for the hereafter. The plan besides calls for conce rns and persons to mensurate and restrict their C footmarks. If possible, they should aim net nothing emanations ( Hot Phuket Villas, n.d. ) . These two illustrations are merely among the local alterations initiated by the authoritiess of countries that are known to be popular tourer finishs. However, these attempts are localised and merely aimed at protecting local attractive forces. There is a demand to organize attempts among the planetary touristry industry so that long-run solutions are reached. Those that are in the concern should besides work with assorted authoritiess and involvement groups so that more states adapt to the alterations that the environment demands. Decision It is undeniable that the universe is sing conditions perturbations due to climate alterations. Experts believe that environmental harm is one of the grounds why this is go oning. Tourism is found to be a conducive factor to climate alterations because the motion of people and their activities while on holiday addition the degree of C emanations. The different effects of clime alterations include snowcaps runing, coral bleaching, implosion therapy, and lifting sea degrees, which are all doing alterations to the touristry industry. The more obvious effects include the lowering of the figure of tourers in popular finishs where the natural resources, like coral reefs and beaches, have been destroyed due to climate alterations. It is besides predicted that there is traveling to be a displacement in the motion of people off from overly warm climes to temperate 1s, which creates new occupations in new topographic points while doing the old finishs suffer economically due to occupation losi ngss. The impact of clime alterations on touristry calls for reforms in the bing policies that relate to the environment. There is a demand for local and international cooperation so that the concerns and persons in the sector will be able to accommodate to these alterations. The touristry industry has to follow steps so that natural resources are protected. These steps should besides lend to the protection of the planetary environment.